The conventional story of The Jam is that they were a punk/mod band that discovered soul music and slickened up their work to the point that Paul Weller decided they were no longer the appropriate vehicle for the music he wanted to make. It's not entirely accurate. What I hope my list will show you is that running through their entire body of work is the same stuff. The influences that were evident in the latest, most popular phase of their career were always there. They just manifested themselves a little differently as the band got better at performing and arranging and Weller improved his already high level of songwriting.
The word "prodigy" is overused but is perfectly appropriate in the case of Paul Weller. He formed The Jam with friends* from school at age 14, initially playing bass. Drummer Rick Buckler joined less than a year after formation, and Bruce Foxton joined in 1974, initially on guitar before switching instruments with Weller a few months later. They played covers until Weller had a revelation when hearing The Who's debut album, My Generation. He decided to start writing songs in that vein and adopted The Who's mod style for his own band's look and sound.
"I saw that through becoming a Mod it would give me a base and an angle to write from, and this we eventually did," Weller wrote in a piece for a German website in 2007. "We went out and bought suits and started playing Motown, Stax and Atlantic covers. I bought a Rickenbacker guitar, a Lambretta GP 150 and tried to style my hair like Steve Marriott's circa '66."
The Jam got lumped into the punk scene because they played fast and loud, but aside from having short hair they didn't look like punks, and despite having short, aggressive songs, they didn't really sound like them either. What strikes me most about their debut album, In the City (1977), is how much it sounds like pre-Tommy Who. And it is the key to my thesis that running through their entire catalog, as different as their 1977 material sounds from their 1982 material, is the same stuff. The songs are played with punk fury, but they wear their influences -- the Who, the Small Faces, the Beatles, Motown, the rough-and-tumble R&B acts from the late '50s and early '60s -- on their sleeve. Weller and co did not want to destroy rock and roll, they wanted to build on it in a different way from the stadium acts of the day.
While the 1977 version of The Jam was not the commercially dominant behemoth it would become in a few years, it caught on across the UK quickly. In fact, EVERY SINGLE A-side the band released reached the UK top 40, starting with the title track of In the City. As typical of the record industry, the label (Polydor) pushed the band for more material quickly, and the second album, This Is the Modern World, released late in 1977, is considered a quickie follow-up that pales in comparison to its predecessor. While not exactly inaccurate, that's not entirely fair, as its songs attempt to bring in different elements from the debut and expand the band's palette and capabilities. Weller has never rested on his laurels, and certainly did not here.
Early 1978 was crucial to the band's development. The aforementioned label pressures plus a disastrous US tour opening for Blue Oyster Cult (!!!!) exhausted Weller and drained him of inspiration. He was not able to muster much good material for his next batch of songs, and Foxton, who had written two songs on the second album and a non-album A-side that followed, filled in the gaps. The band's producers rejected the material as substandard. The Jam were now at a crossroads. The UK record-buying public is notoriously fickle and its chart history is littered with flashes in the pan. The band was seriously at risk of becoming another one of those.
Weller returned to his hometown, listened to a bunch of Kinks records, and returned with a new batch of songs heavily inspired by Ray Davies. His earlier material had dabbled in social commentary, but now it was a major part of his lyrical forays. And as had happened with the late '60s Kinks, the band's sound became more diverse and less manic (though it still rocked plenty). The third album, All Mod Cons (1978) was enthusiastically received by the public and the press and set them on the path to megastardom. Yet there was just as much bite to these songs as the earlier ones had -- Weller's lyrics savaged everyone from right-wing thugs to nihilistic punks to fickle scenesters to soulless stockbroker types.
A couple more non-album singles continued the momentum, and then came the song that made The Jam one of the top acts in the UK for the next 4 years: The Eton Rifles. Its music is absolutely savage and its lyrics depict the class struggle that had started to dominate Weller's focus. It became the band's first top 5 hit and heralded the release of their fourth album, Setting Sons (1979), much of whose music matches the chaotic sounds of war, both hot and cold.
The momentum continued with the next non-album single, a double A side which became their first UK #1 hit; the song that did the heavy lifting was Going Underground, whose music matches the fury of The Eton Rifles and whose lyrics rage against Margaret Thatcher's Tory government and the military-industrial complex.
The next album, Sound Affects (1980), was another expansion of their sound, with the Beatles and other psychedelia, funk, post-punk and Bowie among the elements added to their mix. It is considered by many, including Weller himself, to be their best record, and is the LP most heavily represented in my countdown. Its lead single, Start!, became their second UK #1, and another song, That's Entertainment, became the best-selling import single in the UK at the time, reaching #21 without an official UK release.
Their sound changed even more drastically in the second half of 1981 when they released a single, Absolute Beginners, that was much more overtly R&B than anything they had done up to that point, with horns featured prominently. Absolute Beginners was also their first song to get significant run on MTV, which helped raise the band's profile in the US. The R&B-focused approach continued on what turned out to be the band's final album, The Gift (1982). And the new sound was wholly embraced in the UK, as the album went to #1 as well as its first single, the double A-side of Town Called Malice and Precious; the former became their best-known song in the US and is the one song from them that you might have heard if you know nothing about them (or if you paid attention during the British Isles Middle-Aged Dummies countdown).
Shockingly, Weller decided to disband The Jam when they were at their commercial peak, determining that Buckler and Foxton were not capable of taking his material's sounds in the direction he envisioned. The band released two final singles after the decision, the second of which, Beat Surrender, became their fourth and final UK #1.
"I wanted to end it to see what else I was capable of, and I'm still sure we stopped at the right time," Weller told The Daily Mirror in 2015. "I'm proud of what we did but I didn't want to dilute it, or for us to get embarrassing by trying to go on forever. We finished at our peak. I think we had achieved all we wanted or needed to, both commercially and artistically."
Weller formed The Style Council, which leaned even more heavily into R&B and mostly abandoned punk/post-punk, and that band lasted until 1989, after which Weller launched a solo career that endures to this day. In the UK he is revered just as much as your Pete Townshends and Ray Davieses. After a brief, mostly unsuccessful solo career, and a one-single collaboration with Buckler under the name Sharp, Foxton joined Stiff Little Fingers and stayed from 1990 to 2006. After that, Buckler and Foxton toured performing Jam material under the name From the Jam. In 2010, Foxton and Weller collaborated for the first time in 28 years when Foxton played on two tracks of Weller's album Wake Up the Nation. But a full Jam reunion has never happened and never will. "Me and my children would have to be destitute and starving in the gutter before I'd even consider [a reunion], and I don't think that'll happen anyway," Weller told BBC 6 Radio in 2006. "The Jam's music still means something to people and a lot of that's because we stopped at the right time, it didn't go on and become embarrassing."
The Jam fit a common pattern among my favorite artists: Exceptionally strong songwriting combined with a desire to blend styles and draw from various influences. I was drawn to them as a tween when their latter-day singles Absolute Beginners, Town Called Malice, The Bitterest Pill (I Ever Had to Swallow) and Beat Surrender were featured on MTV, and they have been one of my favorite acts for about 40 years. I hope you'll come to appreciate them almost as much as I do.
* - one of these friends, guitarist Dave Waller, died young and was eulogized by Weller in the Style Council song "A Man of Great Promise".